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Synthesis

C&EN 中文版

二氧化碳大规模氢化成甲醇

强化的氧化铟催化剂能够将实验室规模的工艺提升至工业级别

by Stu Borman
March 28, 2016 | A version of this story appeared in Volume 94, Issue 13
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从反应图解中可以看出，催化剂空穴是如何提供位点，使二氧化碳直接转化成甲醇的。
Credit: 改编自 Qingfeng Ge & Javier Pérez-Ramírez
一种用 ZrO2 强化的 In2O3 催化剂表面的空穴在 CO2 到 CH3OH 的转化中起有关键作用。

制造商通常用石油衍生合成气（一种一氧化碳和氢气的混合物）来生产甲醇这种重要的化学结构单元和燃料。直接对二氧化碳这种温室气体进行氢化，可能是一种更为有效、也更具有环境可持续性的甲醇制备路径。但一直以来，缺乏能够让这种反应达到工业规模的实用催化剂。

科学家此前已经证明氧化铟能够在实验室规模下催化 CO2 到 CH3OH 的直接氢化反应。Javier Pérez-Ramírez Javier Pérez-Ramírez 和他的同事现在证明了用氧化锆强化的 In2O3 能够在类似于工业生产所需要的环境中催化这个反应（Angew.Chem.Int. Ed. 2016, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600943)。

该强化催化剂能够至少连续1000个小时将 CO2 和 H2 转化成 CH3OH，胜过大多数其他氢化催化剂。研究者通过实验证明，催化剂表面的氧空穴是反应得以进行的原因—这也是由南伊利诺伊大学和天津大学的 葛庆峰 领导的团队通过理论计算所预测的机制（ACS Catal. 2013, DOI: 10.1021/cs400132a)。

苏黎世联邦理工学院的团队向初始物料中加入 CO 并改变温度来对反应进行优化，这两种措施都能调节空穴的数量。该技术是一项“长期以来寻求的突破，有可能实现 CO2 到甲醇的商业规模的连续转化。” Ge 说道。

Pérez-Ramírez 和他的同事已经与法国能源公司道达尔一起对该技术提交了专利申请，道达尔已经开始了该工艺的初步研究。

Chemical & Engineering News
ISSN 0009-2347
Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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