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Synthesis

C&EN 中文版

照片里的化学

做科学。拍照片。赢奖金。请点此参与我们的照片竞赛。

by Corinna Wu, Alexandra Taylor, and Manny Morone
April 9, 2019
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请访问cenm.ag/chinese或关注ACS微信订阅号获取更多《化学与化工新闻》的中文内容

照片里的化学：宏伟的地球化学

A photo of a cave filled with giant transluscent crystals that dwarf a human exploring them.

在墨西哥奈卡市附近的晶体岩洞里，满是巨大的奶白色石膏梁柱。近一百万年间，这个位于地下290米的岩洞的环境状况对晶体生长堪称完美，从而造就了许多庞然大物。目前，科学家们正在研究如何保护并维持这些晶体，把它们留给后代子孙。

图片来源：Alexander Van Driessche/Wikimedia Commons

照片里的化学：C‘est magnifique! 无与伦比！

A photo of menthol crystals at 20x magnification.

这团晶体由带薄荷香的薄荷醇构成。西蒙弗雷泽大学的有机材料学教授Vance Williams在20倍数的偏振光学显微镜下拍摄了这张照片。“这些晶体的形态源于它们长成细针型的倾向，” Williams解释说。“迅速冷却时这个过程可以变得非常混乱。” 这些晶体朝同一个方向迅速生长的癖好给予了它们针状的结构，而颜色的变化则来源于晶体不同的定向、厚度和折光率。Williams的研究主要集中于分析液晶材料，他拍摄的这些晶体属于某个教育拓展项目，目的是向人们展示日常化学物质的特写。

图片来源：Vance Williams

照片中的化学：水晶大丽花

A micrograph of a crystal cluster.

这团尖尖的锶铜硅酸盐晶体好像夏末盛放的花朵，又像显微镜下放大了的病毒颗粒。乔治亚大学的Darrah Johnson-McDaniel在水中把含有铜和锶的原料还有硅酸盐前体加热，制成了这些晶体。乔治亚电子显微镜所的实验室主管Eric Formo给这些晶体拍了照。Formo说，Johnson-McDaniel还可以改变温度和压力从而造出其他不同的结构。Johnson-McDaniel的团队通过此种水热法调整晶体的大小和形状，将特定的晶体用于特定的应用，比如拿来提取指纹的粉末、生物陶瓷和屋顶材料。

Eric Formo投稿

照片中的化学：重现的荧光

A gif showing a dye turning from clear to fluorescent yellow in the dark.

珍妮莉亚研究园区的Jon Grimm在合成像这样的荧光染料的时候，经常需要拿不那么易于反应的基团来屏蔽或者保护他的分子的某些部分。这一步骤使他可以有选择地修饰染料分子，而不用担心破坏先前改变过的部分。被保护的分子是无色的，但当Jon Grimm在其中加入氢氧化钠或者四正丁基氟化铵 （tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, TBAF）时，这些分子就会失去它们的保护基团，显现颜色，并在紫外线下发出荧光。Grimm和珍妮莉亚的首席工具大师Luke Lavis合作，把他们制作的染料与研究园区以及全世界的生化学家分享。这些染料被用于高分辨率的生物成像。

A gif showing a swirling liquid changing from clear to red.
A reaction scheme showing how two dyes become fluorescent.

图片来源：Jon Grimm

本文由Cici Zhang为C&EN译为中文。英文原文在此:

宏伟的地球化学

C‘est magnifique! 无与伦比！

水晶大丽花

重现的荧光

Chemical & Engineering News
ISSN 0009-2347
Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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