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Green Chemistry

C&EN 中文版

光催化剂驱动二合一燃料制造

光催化过程转换化合物，由生物质衍生出柴油前驱物和氢能

by Mitch Jacoby
July 13, 2019 | A version of this story appeared in Volume 97, Issue 24
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请访问cenm.ag/chinese或关注ACS微信订阅号获取更多《化学与化工新闻》的中文内容

Structure of a ruthenium-doped zinc indium sulfide catalyst.
Credit: Nat. Energy
当受可见光照射时，该催化物转化生物质混合物为柴油前驱体和氢能。

绿色化学的一系列目标中包含了已被特别充分研究的两个：由可再生资源制备氢能和转化生物质为燃料及有价值的化学品。大多数的努力解决了其中一个或是另一个课题。而今一个国际科研团队提出了一个合二为一的方案：一个由生物质基初原料生产柴油前驱物和氢能二者的方法(Nat. Energy 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0403-5)。

将水分解为氢分子和氧分子——使用阳光和光催化剂——这是制备清洁燃烧的氢能的一个有吸引力和可能廉价的方法。该过程常常依赖于半导体催化剂。当受到光照，这些催化剂产生受激电子，从而减少水中质子以构成氢。

但是光吸收同样产生受激空穴，或正电荷载流子。这些强氧化剂可腐蚀催化剂， 降低其有效性。研究者们常常添加牺牲试剂以清除这些具破坏性的电荷。该对策保持了高制氢率，但清除剂增加了成本且产生废弃物。

与其清除这些空穴防止其引起麻烦，（中国科学院）大连化学物理研究所的罗能超（ Nengchao Luo）和王峰（Feng Wang）及其同事们则试图使用这些产品来驱动理想的反应，即将生物质化合物转化为有用产品。

该团队专注于2,5-二甲基呋喃和2-甲基呋喃两个化合物，它们通常源自木质纤维素。科研人员研究了一系列金属掺杂催化剂，并发现当受可见光照射，钌掺杂ZnIn2S4（光催化剂）易于偶合呋喃（Furanics），产生二聚体，三聚体和四聚体，并释放氢气。研究人员表示该产物拥有约10-20个碳原子，可作为制造柴油的前驱体使用。使用偶合反应中产生的氢及另一个催化物，该团队制造出一个属于典型柴油C12-C18的线性和支化烷烃的混合物，其产出率为76%。

该研究报告了一项使用光能转化生物质为液体燃料的重要创新，加拿大麦吉尔大学的绿色化学和催化领域的专家Chao-Jun Li说。此前该领域的许多工作是基于生物质的高温裂解而产生复杂的产品混合物，Li说。其中一项挑战是找到有效和选择性的方法生产具备长碳链的液体燃料。该工作代表着此研究方向的一个重要进步，他指出。

研究者们使用LED光源（发光二极管）并需添加额外的氢以转化前驱体为燃料分子，Li补充道。如果他们使用太阳光可直接制造前驱物并将该过程与太阳能制氢相结合，将会看上去更具吸引力。.

由YANYAN为C& EN翻译为中文。原文（英文）点击此处。

Chemical & Engineering News
ISSN 0009-2347
Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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