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3-D Printing

C&EN 中文版

黄色食用色素助力研究者打印器官样结构

化学慧眼让研究者们能模仿器官复杂的结构和血管网络

by Bethany Halford
May 2, 2019 | A version of this story appeared in Volume 97, Issue 18
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The structure of tartrazine.

请访问cenm.ag/chinese或关注ACS微信订阅号获取更多《化学与化工新闻》的中文内容

Tartrazine（柠檬黄），最为人们所知的是作为食用色素FD&C黄色5号，将其灿烂的阳光色调赋予如鸡汤粉和松饼粉等食物。然而有天这一化合物也成为3D打印新器官的关键。研究者们展示使用负载柠檬黄的生物相容的水凝胶可以制造出具有血管网络和器官样拓扑的结构(Science 2019, DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9750)。

美国莱斯大学的Jordan S. Miller，华盛顿大学的Kelly R. Stevens 和他们的同事使用微处理器及其他产业应用的一项成熟技术打印了这些结构，该技术被称为投影立体光刻。技术所涉及的聚合材料使用了蓝光，每次一层。由底部至顶部，所有的打印层建立创造出最终结构。

为使技术见效，研究者们必须将光线保持局限于一个单独打印层，才能使其不穿透此前的打印层，在脱靶点将它们聚合。微处理器产业借助可吸收光线的添加剂以预防这一不受欢迎的聚合出现。但是，这些化学制品有毒，使它们与细胞不相容。

A pulsing sac of air is surrounded by a red blood vessel-like network.
Credit: 版权：Jordan Miller/Rice University
该水凝胶含有一个被血管网络（直径约0.3毫米）包裹的仿生肺泡气囊（底宽约为4.5毫米）。该结构模拟了远端肺部结构。更多信息参见：www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqJYMgAcc0Q.

Miller说团队意识到仅仅找到一个生物相容的光吸收剂便可使该技术应用于生物打印。“事实上，柠檬黄是我们第一个尝试的，”他说，“我只是在杂货店买了一些食用色素。”

”它恰恰吸收蓝色光线。就是这么简单，“Stevens解释道，“所有在做的就是吸收一些光线，从而使其(光线)无法遍及所有地方。“

“这是一个卓越的开创性工作，使得交错的血管网络能以前所未有的几何复杂性快速确定，“ Hayden Taylor说，他在美国加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校从事生物材料支架的3-D打印研究。

Miller和Stevens的团队使用该技术制造了几个不同结构，其中包括同样拥有向细胞传输养分网络的肝细胞培养结构。他们发现，将这些模拟肝脏结构移植至肝脏受损小鼠体内，当两周后研究人员移除这些结构，细胞保持存活并承担其关键功能之一。

哈佛大学的一名生物打印专家Jennifer Lewis认为该工作“标志着带血人体组织制备的一个重要进步。“不过她指出，使用该方法仍有挑战需克服，如对多种细胞类型，密度及人体中发现的微血管网络的模拟。

Miller和Stevens表示他们正在解决上述挑战。例如，他们想制作当前所制结构十分之一大小的结构。

Miller也指出，研究团队正使用开源硬件和软件来生成他们的打印机。“我们很期待将我们的想法放在开源世界，同时真的期待人们将其用于新方法以助于推动该领域进步。”他说。.

由YanYan为C&EN翻译为中文。原文（英文）点击此处。

Chemical & Engineering News
ISSN 0009-2347
Copyright © 2024 American Chemical Society

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