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Biological Chemistry

C&EN 中文版

获得太阳能的酵母

工程微生物利用光活化纳米粒子促进化学合成

by Laura Howes
November 19, 2018 | A version of this story appeared in Volume 96, Issue 46
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请访问https://cen.acs.org/sections/cn.html或关注ACS微信订阅号获取更多《化学与化工新闻》的中文内容

Scanning electron microscopy of nanoparticles on a yeast cell.
Credit: 图片作者：哈佛大学Wyss Institute
扫描电子显微镜图像中的酵母细胞（洋红色）与其表面附着的半导体纳米颗粒（紫色）。 酵母细胞的直径为5-10微米。

酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae是世界上被研究最深入的微生物之一。人们用它发酵酒精、以及合成药物和化学品原料。现在，研究人员已经创造出了一种能够利用阳光的酵母。

哈佛大学Neel Joshi所在的研究小组在转基因酵母表面添加了半导体纳米颗粒，以生成一种无机生物杂化机体。酵母捕获光照射颗粒时产生的电子，来驱动莽草酸的生成。莽草酸被用于制备以达菲为商品名的奥司他韦。

Joshi告诉C＆EN，这个项目是由两位博士后Junling Guo和MiguelSuástegui构想的，他俩分别拥有材料科学和代谢工程的背景。 Joshi解释说：“他们提出了这个想法，最初我认为不会成功。但结果表明，他们做得很漂亮。”

研究人员使用简单的多酚化学将磷化铟纳米颗粒固定在酵母的细胞壁上（Science 2018, DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9777）。当白光照射在利用太阳能的细胞上时，它们会捕获光生电子并将它们用于再生化合物NADPH，这是一种在莽草酸合成过程中分解的辅助因子，因此它可以再次参与合成。

“他们所做的工作令人印象深刻，但我认为其概念最为强大。”密歇根大学生物合成专家Alison Narayan说。这项研究使她产生兴趣的是：将光催化作用引入酵母，以及广泛地解决辅因子再生——通常需要像糖等资源的工艺。

该系统不会在近期用于工业生产莽草酸。Joshi承认混合酿造工艺的产量不够高，而且系统的其他部分需要进行优化。但他补充说，由于NADPH出现在许多生物合成途径中，因此他实验室的混合方法可以被用来制造其他目标分子，仅需选择不同的转基因酵母即可。.

本文由Nina Sun译为中文。英文原文在此。.

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